Betting Guide - betsquare.net

Staking Plans

Stop at a Winner
£10 ,£20 ,£40 ,£80 ,£160 ,£320 ,£640 ,£1280 8 Bites or Spins
How many 2 stop at ?
Ok Lets Say 5
As you can see above we started with £10
So 5 times means we stand to lose £310
So we can use an average price of 4/1
1. wins +40
2.+80
3.+130
4.+250
5.+490
So in fact we want the last one to win netting us the most..
But also risking us the most £310 if it loses.
So we have £310 on at 2.58 =+490
So we are having £310 on a 13/8 chance
So thats 5
4 +250 £150 at 2.67
3 +130 £70 at 2.85
2 +70 £30 at 3.33
1 +40 £10 at 5.00
So why risk this stake plan ?
The most money you win is when risking the most and the least when the risk is the least.
So really the stop at a winner plan is what we call the charlie chaser plan.
So lets put it into action.
In fact we have and we have not hit 5 losers on the bounce in the last 3 months.
So its worked with our selections.
So + or - thats your opinion

Staking Plans

Stop at a Loser
£10 ,£20 ,£40 ,£80 ,£160 ,£320 ,£640 ,£1280 8 Bites or Spins
When 2 stop when you lose of course
ok same principle £10 av price 4/1
first one wins keep firing it loses you lose a tenner easy.......
first wins +40
second wins +80
third loses win £80
so really you only stand to lose a tenner
we believe great plan try it ...
very hard to stick 2......
no one likes leaving there cash behind..

Race Planning

Abandoning a Race (not meeting)

a) Any race which is not a Pattern, Listed, early closing or the Final of race series which receives less than 5 entries may be abandoned by the Racecourse Executive up to 10 am on the day following closing. However, with the introduction of re-opening and re-offering races, this is less likely to occur.

b) When it is unlikely that you will be able to stage certain races due to the state of the track and there is sufficient time to take action, the relevant races (hurdle races/steeplechases/particular distance at a Flat course) could be abandoned and replaced by more suitable races (i.e. all chase or hurdle card or change distance of a Flat race). Please note that this can only be achieved with consultation and approval of the BHA Racing Department and BHA Racecourse Department.

Allowances (horses)

Certain race conditions contain allowances, which are weight concessions for horses that might be considered to be disadvantaged in some way, such as horses that have never raced, or maidens. A maximum allowance is generally stipulated if such allowances are likely to be cumulative. Allowances are generally in the region of 3lb per allowance, which is deducted from the weight that the horse would ordinarily carry under standard weight-for-age regulations. Other than in Handicaps and Banded Stakes fillies and mares shall receive allowances of 3lb-5lb for Flat races and allowances of 7lb for Jump races.

Allowances (riders)

In most races (bar Pattern, Listed and Class 1 & 2 WFA Flat races, the John Smith’s Grand National and Class A & B WFA Jump races) Apprentices, Conditional Jockeys are entitled to claim allowances ranging from 3lb -7lb in accordance with their ability. Conditional Jockeys will be allowed to claim a further 3lb if they ride a horse trained by their employer until they have won 5 races. Amateur Riders can claim between 3lb - 7lb in Handicaps and Selling races confined to Amateur Riders and all WFA races bar Classes A and B. The letter ‘A’ will appear underneath race conditions when a rider cannot claim an allowance under Racing Administration Manual (f) Rules 141-143.

Appearance Money Scheme

Started in 1999 the Scheme is closely linked to the VAT Scheme for racehorse owners and is now used to encourage certain types of horses and runners for certain races. The 2008 Scheme is fully funded by the Levy Board and used as follows:-

2008
Flat Conditions Stakes Cl 2/3 £250
Novice Chase WFA Cl 1/2/3 £300
Sunday Payments £120

In previous years race types such as Juvenile/Novice Hurdles and Mares Steeple Chases were supported, but due to a 50% cut in funding, these will no longer be funded.

Some racecourses offer their own appearance money arrangements for certain key fixtures/races. This will count towards Merit Table calculations.

AQPS horse

It stands for Autres Que Pur Sang, which means 'other than a thoroughbred' in French.

Arab Race

A race specifically designed for pure-bred, and some part-bred, Arabian horses. The races tend to be restricted to amateur riders who compete in a variety of race types including handicaps, maidens and conditions races. Race length can vary anywhere between 5 furlongs and 2 miles. The season for Arab racing runs from May to October and consists of a mix of Raceday Fixtures and Single Races held at a more usual Thoroughbred Meeting. All races are run under the BHA Regulations for Arabian Horseracing.

Attendants Clothing (AC)

This is branded attendants clothing, but only if a sponsor has an historic agreement to provide them (i.e. John Smith's Grand National). This agreement will override owners’ sponsorship arrangements and attendants cannot refuse to wear the clothes provided in such circumstances.

Auction Races

Specific races for which horses are only eligible if they have passed through a certain Auction House, e.g. The £200,000 St Leger Yearling Sales Stakes for two-year-olds at Doncaster, which is for horses that were catalogued in the Doncaster Bloodstock Sales St Leger Yearling Sales in a specified year. The Sales Company and Racecourse Executive guarantee a certain level of contribution (minimum 10% of the total race value), with the added commitment that any shortfall in the Guaranteed Minimum Value of the race is met. Not to be confused with median/maiden auction races (see below).

Banded Stakes

Races that were run at a Regional fixture for horses rated below 46 allocated a banding by the handicapper or as specified in the race conditions. Although the conditions of certain Class 7 races allow for higher rated horses to enter. Banded Stakes will be discontinued in 2007. Most races have been replaced with lowly rated Classified Stakes.

BAGS Payment

BAGS = British Afternoon Greyhound Service currently pays racecourses (excluding GG-Media and TurfTV tracks) for their racing pictures which are being distributed to all betting shops. However, payment varies due to factors such as number of runners (penalties for fields size below 8), time of the meeting (afternoon/evening).

Basic Daily Rate (BDR)

This is the prize money allocated to each racecourse by the Levy Board. Based primarily on the Merit Table (see below), the racecourses which demonstrate better performances receive a higher prize money allocation the following year. BDR payments are allocated according to the Fixture Criteria: the full BDR amount for a Criteria fixture, 80% of the BDR for an evening and 50% BDR for a Non-Criteria fixture. Other factors taken into consideration include a percentage award for betting turnover and gross profit generated (currently 25%) and an element of underpinning.

BHA Leasehold Fixtures will receive a set BDR. Levels of those BDRs are agreed in advance between the Levy Board, RCA and BHA. Enterprise Fixtures do not receive a BDR in the first year that they are staged (see Enterprise Fixtures).

Beginners’ Steeple Chase

Is a Steeple Chase for horses that have never won a Steeple Chase at any recognised meeting in any country other than a Match or Private Sweepstake, or a Steeple Chase at a Point-to-Point meeting in Great Britain. Not to be confused with a Maiden Steeple Chase.

BHA (Leasehold) Fixture

This is a fixture that a racecourse has to purchase via an online bidding process, usually held in the second week of June for the following year’s fixture list. A proportion of the money bid will go towards the Development Fund, whilst the remainder may go into prize money on the day. BHA fixtures will receive a fixed BDR and do not count towards Merit Table calculations. These fixtures are sold on 1, 2 and 3-year leases. See also under ‘Fixture’.

The programmes for these fixtures will be determined by the BHA Racing Department and racecourses should be aware the Owners’ Entry Stakes need to be added to the prize money on offer on the day. This means that you would need to guess the number of horses that will be entered. If you get the calculations ‘wrong’, ie you received more entries than you budgeted for, the BHA will request that you pay the deficit into the Development Fund, or if you have another BHA fixture, add it to the prize money on that day. One simple solution would be to charge no entry fees at all, especially if you have only bought 1 BHA fixture.

Blanket Period

This is the period from 1 January to the middle of March of each year and covers AWT that were allocated initially to help sustain a continuous racing product throughout the winter months. The period comprises around 65 afternoon fixtures, which all receive a fixed BDR. These fixtures will not count towards the Merit Table. Currently, these fixtures are held by Lingfield Park, Southwell and Wolverhampton only.

Breeders’ Prizes (BP)

The breeder of an eligible horse will be qualified to receive a Breeders’ Prize payment in respect of relevant races won by an eligible horse (see Racing Administration Manual (f) Rule 124 and Schedule 1 of the Rules of Racing). Races eligible are indicated with the abbreviation “BP” underneath the conditions of a race.

Charity Race

A race run outside the Rules of Racing for which participants are encouraged to collect sponsorship money to donate to an allotted charity. Riders are not required to hold an accredited jockey’s license, although they are obliged to prove their standard of equestrianism by attending an assessment day at either the British Racing School in Newmarket or the Northern Racing College in Doncaster. Alternatively, they may supply evidence that they are in the regular employment of a licensed trainer. Riders are also asked to provide their own horse for the race, which to be eligible must have run at least twice under Rules or in point-to-points. Races are usually started by flag rather than stalls and runners are restricted to a maximum field of twelve. Consequently, Charity Races are often an excellent introduction to the racecourse for inexperienced jockeys. Racecourses need to apply to the BHA Racecourse Department 4 weeks prior to the event (see BHA General Instruction 3.1).

Claiming Race

Any horse which runs in a Claiming race can be claimed at its advertised price following the race. This price is a minimum £2,000. A maximum Claiming price is also set and horses which are advertised below that price will carry less weight than a more expensive rival.

The claiming price of each horse will be subject to an additional 10% Premium (plus VAT), which is split equally between the Buyer and the Owner. Racecourses have the option to alter the % to whichever level they feel is appropriate.

An updated version of the Protocol for Claimants is now available for download from the Racing Administration Internet site www.racingadmin.co.uk.
See also ‘Premier Claiming Race’.

For every race where a claim can be made (i.e. Selling and Claiming races), Weatherbys will charge racecourses an adiministrtion fee along the following lines:

•£53 for the majority of races
•£97 for those run outside normal office hours
•£145 for the very few races run on Bank Holidays
Classification of Races

Races are classified (Class 1 to 7 for Flat and Class 1 to 6 Jumping) in relation to the quality of the race. The classification of the race indicates the races minimum value or meritocracy band for prize money.

Classified Stakes

This is Flat Conditions Race or a weight-for-age Steeple Chase or Hurdle race other than a Maiden or Novice race, where horses entered in these races must have handicap ratings at or below a set figure, e.g. 0-95. The intention is to provide a non-handicap opportunity for horses with similar ratings, which in theory produces a competitive race.

Conditions Race

Any Flat race which is not: a Handicap, a Novice Race, a Maiden, Apprentice or Amateur Race, or a Selling or Claiming Race.

Conditions Stakes

Is a Flat race which has not been awarded Pattern or Listed status, is not a Handicap or a Novice race, is not restricted to Maidens, is not governed by Selling or Claiming provisions and is not restricted to Apprentice or Amateur riders if less than £7,500 in added to stakes.

Consolation Race

A race in which horses that were balloted out of a feature (Heritage) Handicap will be able to compete in a similar race on the day or the day before, but for less prize money. There are currently 5 such races: Vodafone Stewards’ Cup/Sprint at Goodwood, Tote Ayr Gold/Silver Cup, William Hill Lincoln/Spring Mile at Doncaster, the Lloyd BMW Carlisle Bell and the National Express Premier/Reserve Handicap at Musselburgh.

Development Fund

This has been designed as a method to ensure diversity in the race programme by providing sufficient opportunities for high caliber racehorses in order to maintain and enhance the development of the thoroughbred. The Fund is generated from any surplus funds accrued over and above the fixture bidding process as well as additional funding from the Levy Board. The BHA Racing Department is in charge of the administration.

Division of Races

If the time for declaration has passed and the number of horses in a race exceeds the Safety Factor the race may divide. However, if this number is less than 20, then the race will NOT divide. The following races will be permitted to divide (Instruction B1):
a) Open Maiden, Rating Related Maiden, Maiden Median Auction, Maiden Auction, Novice Auction, Novice Median Auction and Novice Flat races with Total Prize Fund of £10,000 or less;
b) Weight-for-Age Hurdle races in which the Total Prize Fund is £7,000 or less, other than Classified Stakes, Selling or Claiming races;
c) Weight-for-Age Steeple Chases in which the Total Prize Fund is £8,000 or less, other than Classified Stakes, Selling or Claiming races or Hunter Chases.
d) National Hunt Flat Races of £5,000 or less;
e) Any Flat race with a Total Prize Fund of £10,000 or less run at an AWT outside the period when Flat racing on Turf takes place, other than Selling races.

- From 7 August 2008, the deduction for all races value £2,500 or above will be £500 for each division and for those races below £2,500 the prize money will be reduced to £2,000 each.
- Although a Class 7 race is not permitted to divide, if a Racecourse wishes to wholly finance such a race division itself, it is permitted to do so following consultation with the Racing Department. The budget for 2009 is £855,000.

However, from 1 September 2009 the BHA has amended the current Rules which apply between April and October as follows:
- Handicap and Claiming races can also divide
- Both Flat and Jump courses can stage a maximum of 8 races
- No divisions on evening cards other than on floodlit winter evening cards

Jump Racecourses have the option to ask for dispensation from the BHA Racing Department of staging 8 races between April and October.

Early Closing Races

From 1 January 2008, early closing races close at noon on Tuesday. Weatherbys provides the list of entries to the racecourse and, if required, its sponsor as soon as possible on the same (Tuesday) afternoon. The list of entries will also be released to the Racing Post and Racing Pages at this time, embargoed until noon on the following day (Wednesday). This, however, would be on the understanding that they are for internal use only and that those connected with the horses should not be contacted until after the embargo has passed. The list of entries will be published on the Racing Administration website at noon on Wednesday (24 hours after entries have closed).

Embargoes

The information published after entry and forfeit stage of Early Closing Races is subject to an embargo. Therefore, it should not be published or made available to the general public until this deadline has passed unless special permission to do so has been obtained beforehand from the BHA. The embargo deadlines are as follows:

Entry Stage – closes 12 noon Wednesday
- Weights for Age races: until 12 noon the following day (Thursday)
- Handicap races: until 12 noon the following day (Thursday). Weights embargoed until 12 noon of the Wednesday prior to their publication in the Racing Calendar.

Forfeit Stage – normally closes 12 noon Tuesday
- Forfeit acceptors embargoed until 12 noon the following day (normally Wednesday).

Enhancement Fund

This was created in response to increasing concerns associated with the decline in the level of support for Flat Pattern and Listed races (July 2008) compared to Ireland and France. The table below confirms the payments that will be made from the Enhancement Fund to these races during 2009, which will both increase the competitiveness of the prize money levels associated with these races and allow the most able horses to compete to prize money more commensurate with their ability.

Race Type Payment per race
Group 2 - 2yo £8,000
Group 3 - 2yo £9,000
Listed races - 2yo £6,000
Group 2 - 3yo+ £11,000
Group 3 - 3yo+ £13,000
Listed races - 3yo+ £11,000

Enterprise Fixture

The concept of Enterprise Fixtures was successfully implemented into the 2008 Fixture List. These fixtures will receive no central funding in their first year, but could be integrated into the Fixture List and become Racecourse fixtures in year 4. The Racecourse Executive is required to provide prize money of at least £40,000 for Flat and £30,000 for Jump racing. It should be noted that this will not count towards the Merit Table calculations until the fixture has become a Racecourse Fixture. See also under ‘Fixture’.

Entry Processing Fee

Non-refundable fee payable by Racecourses to the BHA, which equates to £5.57 (plus VAT) for every entry received. Owners also pay an entry processing fee (refundable), which is additional to the stake and in 2009 amounts to £15.00 + VAT if it is processed via the BHA Racing Administration website. The fee goes up to £16.52 + VAT if the entry is made via the Weatherbys call centre. Also added to the entry fee is an additional £1.20 for the Animal Health Trust and £0.50 towards the welfare of former racehorses.

Evening Meeting

A race meeting where the first race is programmed to start after 4pm. Not to be confused with Twilight Fixtures (see below).

European Breeders’ Fund (EBF)

The Fund was established as a European counterpart to the Breeders' Cup scheme which was being set up in the USA for the purpose of revitalizing the American racing industry through revenue being drawn from stallion fees. The EBF was intended to be not only a measure of self-help for European racing, but also a means of securing access for European horses to some of the benefits of the Breeders' Cup scheme through Cross-Registration.

Each EBF country must ensure that at least 70% of
maiden two year old races are confined to EBF Eligible horses.
ANY other races may be supported by the EBF, and be confined to EBF Eligible horses. A race confined to EBF-eligible horses is indicated with ‘EBF’ underneath the conditions of a race.

Extra Race Scheme (Levy Board) (Formerly Seventh Race Scheme)

A scheme whereby Racecourses receive grants for staging additional races on a card (Flat and Jump) over and above those originally programmed. Grant eligibility is dependent on the quality of the race staged and the budget available.

Field Size Limit (FSL)

Is the limit on the number of runners that can take part in a race which is either linked to a Racecourse’s Stable Capacity (see Racing Administration Manual (f) Rule 151 & Schedule 16) or to the number of starting stalls used by the Racecourse. All Class 1 races and Heritage Handicaps (including consolation races) are unaffected by this measure. Potential race divisions will be taken into account. FSL’s are advertised in the Racing Calendar and/or Racing Administration Internet Site. Not to be confused with Safety Factor or Maximum (see below).

Racecourses may apply to the BHA Racing Department for any race with a TPF of £30,000 or more to be exempt from this imposition. Applications must be made no later than one month prior to publication of the race conditions in the Racing Calendar.

Fixture

These fall into four categories:
a. Racecourse Fixtures – These comprise 1,203 fixtures in Racecourse ownership prior to 2002. These fixtures will not need to be bid for, the race programme can be determined by the Racecourse and the fixture offers a greater security of tenure and generally superior positioning in the fixture list. However, funding is dependent on the fixture criteria.
b. BHA (Leasehold) Fixtures – These will be awarded on a leasehold basis ranging from 1 to 3 years and will be awarded to the highest bidder. Fixture composition and race programme to be decided in consultation with the BHA Racing Department.
c. Self-Funded Fixtures – These are currently only granted in exceptional circumstances. These fixtures will receive no funding from the Levy Board (i.e. no BDRs).
d. Enterprise Fixtures – Introduced in 2008 in order that more commercially attractive slots were available to racecourses. These fixtures are surplus to the fixture criteria and will receive no funding in the first year, but could become fully funded in the future. Total prize money for each fixture should be at least £40,000 for Flat and £30,000 for Jump fixtures.

Fixture Criteria

The Criteria is based on the requirements of the off-course betting industry. Criteria fixtures fill necessary gaps in the Fixture List and receive the full Basic Daily Rate payment for that day. The 2008 Fixture Criteria is as follows:
• 2 afternoon fixtures on Monday and Tuesday.
• 3 afternoon fixtures from Wednesday to Friday and Sunday.
• 4 afternoon fixtures on Saturdays and Bank Holidays.
• 2 evening fixtures from Monday to Saturday during the period mid-April to end of August.
• Maximum of 5 fixtures on any day from Monday to Friday (of which no more than 3 be afternoon fixtures).
• No afternoon criteria break.
• During September to May inclusive, reserve criteria status to 3rd afternoon fixtures on Monday and Tuesday and for 4 AWT fixtures during Christmas week.
• 1 evening fixture (Floodlit AWT) from Wednesday to Saturday starting from 1 January to start Turf season and from 1 September to end of December.

Non-criteria fixtures only receive 50% of the Basic Daily Rate funding as these are surplus to requirements and only applies to historic Bank Holiday fixtures. Evening fixtures do not generate as much turnover as midweek afternoons and thus receive only 80% funding from the Basic Daily Rate.

Fixture Fee

Fixture fee grants, which support the costs of the BHA’s Field Force and the BHA’s Handicappers, are a key part of integrity funding.

The fixture fee grant to racecourses for the 2008 Fixture List is £7,420 per fixture.

Fixture Incentive Scheme

A set amount awarded almost exclusively to midweek fixtures by the Levy Board, the Fixture Incentive Scheme has been devised to facilitate the achievement of the Fixture Criteria for that year by encouraging racecourses to race at times which may not be racegoer-friendly, but are necessary for the generation of the levy. Winter Sunday fixtures and those courses racing against high profile fixtures (i.e. Cheltenham Festival) will also receive an incentive.

Forfeits

Most major races, whether Flat or Jump, have at least 1 forfeit stage. After making the initial entry, the horse must be forfeited from the race by a set date if it is not intended to run, whilst those intending to run must pay the next entry fee. Such a system means that owners are not required to pay the full charge of entry immediately for a race with early closing (the closing date for which can be several months in advance of the race) and are only asked to pay the full amount in stages as the race draws nearer and the likelihood of running can be ascertained.

48-Hour Declarations

Currently, 48-hour declarations are used for:
- All Flat fixtures
- All Sunday fixtures
- All Grade 1 non-Novice Steeple Chase and Hurdle races
- Grade 3 Steeple Chase are optional at discretion of the Racecourse
- Ideally, at least 1 Jump race on a Saturday outside the Flat season

Free Handicap

A race where all horses within certain criteria are entered automatically, with no stake or forfeit to pay, and horses within the handicap need to be withdrawn by a certain stage or are assumed to have accepted the entry.

Frost Cover Protocol

From November 2008 the Levy Board has agreed to provide grants to racecourses using frost covers. As the budget only amounts to £100,000 the following criteria applies:

- First and foremost the fixture should be covered by terrestrial television.

- Only 1 fixture per day, however when there are other fixtures with either prize money of at least £200,000 or with a feature race worth at least £80,000 the fixture will also qualify.

- Only applies to Jump fixtures.

- Covers must be deployed over the entire track.

Full Weight Range Handicap

A well established feature handicap race that a course cannot justify at or gain approval for Heritage Handicap status but which BHA have given approval to be run using the full weight range (28lb) i.e. no Handicap Band.

General Instructions

These are mandatory obligations that a racecourse has to abide by as a condition of its Racecourse Licence, which is issued by the BHA. They are the minimum standards that you are expected to achieve at your course. The BHA’s General Instructions (BHAGI) can be found on the RCA’s website: www.britishracecourses.org.

Graduation Chase

Steeple Chases for horses which have not won more than 2 steeple chases, which will allow a wide spectrum of horses to qualify, including novices, relatively seasoned handicappers and some horses which it could be argued have been denied suitable racing experience as a novice due to injury.

Guaranteed Minimum Value

Is the amount advertised in the race conditions which the racecourse undertakes will be the total prize money in a sweepstakes even if the sum of the Stakes and the Money Added to stakes do not together amount to that sum.

Guaranteed Sweepstakes

Only used for Charity races. The total stakes go to the winner and placed horses. The racecourse guarantees that the total prize money will not be less than a certain amount (the guaranteed sweepstake) and, if the total stakes is higher than the guaranteed amount, the race will be worth the value of the total stakes.

Handicap

A race where the weights for the horses are dependent on the official ratings allotted by the handicapper, whose intention is to give every horse an equal chance of winning, subject to the provision of Racing Administration Manual (f) Rules 36 & 42 – 46.

Handicap Bands (Flat)

Introduced in 2004, a Handicap race (usually) restricted to a 15lb weight range, an extension of the Rated Stakes. (When necessary the use of a floating weight range may extend this). During June, July and August the weight range is increased to 20lb. Also, races over 1m5f will have a 20lb range.

Handicap Rating

Is the number allocated to a horse by the Handicapper on his assessment of that horse’s performance.

Hands & Heels Races

The Hands and Heels Apprentice and Jumps Series for riders who have ridden not more than 10 races at the start of the series, (the latter series being for conditional jockeys and category A and B Amateurs), are created in order to encourage race riding skills and develop a Jockey’s ability to motivate a horse without resorting to the whip. British Racing School Jockey Coaches attend all races, walk the course with riders, brief them and carry out video reviews with them immediately following the race.

Heritage Handicap

Is a Handicap race identified as such by the BHA Directors which has a minimum Total Prize Fund of £35,000. All races are well established handicaps with a tradition of attracting a good number of runners in a competitive race.

Horserace

Means any race in which any horse runs with any other horse in competition for any prize of any kind or nature whatsoever or for the purposes of deciding the result of any bet or wager and at which more than 20 persons (not including participants in the race) are present save that events at horse shows or gymkhanas, which are restricted to children under 18 years of age, or which involve a substantial element of chance or skill unconnected with horse-riding, shall not be considered horseraces.

Hunters’ Steeple Chase

A weight-for-age steeple chase (although there is the odd Handicap) confined to amateur riders and horses which have been hunting and have been thus certified by Master of Hounds. No Hunter Chase can be run before 1 February of any year. ‘HC’ printed underneath race conditions indicates a Steeple Chase confined to certified Hunters. The qualification criteria for horses are as follows:
1. Horse must not have run in a race from 1 November of the previous year until 31 January of the current year (both dates inclusive) other than a Hunter Chase run in Ireland or after 1 October of the previous year, or
2. Horse must not have won a Steeple Chase other than one confined to Amateurs after 31 May 2006 and which has a penalty value of £20,000 or more, or
3. Horse must not have been placed first, second or third in a Grade 1 or Grade 2 Steeple Chase after 30 September 2007.

Hypothecated Income

A possible method for distributing central income where racecourses may be paid on the basis of the betting turnover that they generate per race. However, as levy income is based on gross profits there is an issue of establishing a reliable source of data to enable a switch to this format of income.

Intermediate Races

These Jump race types offer, as their name suggests, an intermediary stage between other race types. For example, an Intermediate ‘Chase is aimed at horses that are no longer eligible for Maiden or Novice ‘Chases but are perhaps not yet ready to compete in a standard Handicap.

Introductory Hurdle

A race for horses that have not run in more than one hurdle race.

Junior National Hunt Flat Race

A race for 3-year-olds prior to 1 January and 4-year-olds from 1 January to 31 March, which have not run under any recognized Rules of Racing, except in these races in Britain and Ireland. Races are not to be run over distances of less than 1m4f and not further than 1m7f.

Juvenile Races

A type of Novice Hurdle that is restricted to juvenile horses. Juveniles are horses that are aged 3-years-old before 1st January for the current Jump season and 4-year-olds after 1 January until the end of the season.

Late TV Payments

Depending on the terms of a Racecourse’s picture contract, the Levy Board will fund Late TV Payments (up to £4,000 per race) for races with terrestrial TV coverage which have not previously been advertised in the Racing Calendar. A claim form should be submitted to the RCA no later than 1 month after the fixture took place

Limited Handicaps

Limited Handicaps are Jump Handicaps where a restricted weight range is specified (such as a 21lb range from 10st4lb to 11st10lb) and additional conditions or penalties may apply to attract the correct calibre of horse. These conditions may include a more expensive entry charge for horses whose handicap rating is in excess of a certain level.

Listed Races (Flat)

These races have been awarded Listed status by the British Flat Racing Sub-Committee but must also be awarded Black Type status by the International Cataloguing Standards Committee. They must be worth a minimum £40,000 TPF for 3yo+ races and a minimum £30,000 TPF for 2yo races.

Listed Races (Jump)

Races are decided by the Jump Racing Sub-Committee with minimum values being as follows: Novice Chase £20,000, Standard Chase £25,000, Novice Hurdle £18,000, Standard Hurdle £22,000 and Bumper £15,500.

Lowest (Minimum) Weight

Lowest weights applicable to Handicaps are 7st 12lb for Flat races and 10st for Jump races. There is currently an ongoing debate at the BHA regarding raising the minimum weight for Flat races.

Maiden

Basically, a horse that has not won a race in that code of racing, either Jump or Flat. There are exceptions for horses that have won races such as National Hunt Flat races, Matches, Private Sweepstakes, French AQPS Flat race or Point-to-Points. For the National Hunt Flat races, a Maiden must meet the relevant criteria (see below) and must not have won one of these races in Britain or Ireland. NB; Horses which have won a Hurdle race are not eligible to run in a Maiden Steeple Chase.

Maiden Auction Race

A Flat race restricted to two-year-old maiden horses sold or bought in by public auction under the hammer at "specified sales" (see below). There is usually a maximum auction price attached to these races, with horses sold below a certain price receiving weight from more expensive horses. Horses which are unsold having failed to reach their reserves do not qualify, nor do private sales.

Maiden Handicap

A Handicap Flat race restricted to maiden aged 3yo+ who have run in at least three British Flat races.

Maiden Median Auction Race

This is a Maiden Flat race with an additional criteria relating to the sire of the horse entered. Horses are only eligible for this race if their sire’s progeny for that generation reached a certain median price (or less) when sold or bought in at auction as yearlings.

Match

A race between two horses with different owners, on terms agreed by them, with no money or other prize added.

Matinee Meeting

A race meeting that commences prior to mid-day with the majority (if not all) races complete before the usual afternoon cards commence. None have taken place since 2005.

Maximum Figure

The maximum number of horses permitted to start in a race as laid down in the conditions of a race. This number must never exceed the Safety Factor.

Merit Table

The primary system whereby the Levy Board decides its prize money allocation to individual racecourses. It is based on the contributions to prize money by the racecourse executive and sponsors over a three year period.

Meritocracy Bands

Method of classifying races to replace minimum values (introduced in 2004 for Flat racing) where all races must be run at a value within the monetary range stipulated for that Class of race. For Jumping this was introduced in January 2006.

Minimum Values

These are set by the British Horseracing Authority each year and are the required minimum Total Prize Funds which a racecourse must meet for each classification of race. Also see Meritocracy Bands.

Minimum Weight

See 'Lowest Weight'.

Money Added to Stakes

No longer applies, but it was the value of the race in terms of the contribution by the racecourse executive and the sponsors, not including the owners’ contribution to the prize money pool via the entry fee (stake).

National Hunt Flat Race

A race for horses aged between 3 and 7 years old depending on the time of year, which have not run under any recognised Rules of Racing, except in these races in Britain or Ireland or in a French AQPS Flat race.

Novelty Race

A race which restrict the number of runners through either a restriction on the horses, or the riders.

Novice

For season 2008/2009: Hurdles races – the horse must not have won a hurdle race before April 27, 2008. For Steeple Chases other than hunters steeple chases – the horse must not have won a steeple chase before April 27, 2008 other for variations laid down in the Rule Book each year, allowing horses winning for the first time after 1 March to run in such races until the end of October.

Novice Auction Race

A Flat race restricted to two-year-old horses which:
- have not won a Flat race classified above a Class 4 (other than those races treated as Class 4 in the conditions of the race) and
- which have not won more than 2 races of any Class, and
- which must have been sold or bought in at auction at "specified sales" (see below).

As with Maiden Auction races, a maximum price is set and horses below this price will receive a weight allowance. Horses which are unsold having failed to reach their reserves do not qualify, nor do private sales.

Novice Flat Race

A Flat race restricted to two-year-olds only,
- which must not have won more than two races and
- have not won a race classified as Class 1 or 2 (other than those races which are treated as Class 4 in the conditions of the race)

In addition, winner of Flat races classified as Class 3 other than those treated as Class 4, will not be eligible for race run on or after the Monday after the York August meeting.

Novice Hunters’ Steeple Chase

A weight-for-age Steeple Chase confined to Amateur Riders and to horses certified by a Master of Hounds to have been hunted and which have not won a Steeple Chase before June, 2008. This is applicable for the year 2009.

Novice Median Auction Race

A Flat race restricted to two-year-old horses
- which have not won a Flat race classified above Class 4 (other than those races which are treated as Class 4 races)
- 2 Flat races of any class
- and whose sire’s progeny for that generation reached a certain median price (or less) when sold or bought in at auction as yearlings.

Nursery Handicap

A Handicap confined to two-year-old horses (official birthday 1st January). A Nursery cannot be programmed before 1 July.

Open Maiden Race

A Maiden Flat race which is restricted by either number of starts, age, sex, or qualification under the European Breeders’ Fund arrangements.

Optional Trophies

From the start of the 2009 Turf Flat season optional trophies can only be used if the prize money of the races equates to TPF £25,000 or more. For any race with prize money below this level, mementoes should be used.

Out of the Handicap

This means that a horse is carrying more weight than it should do according to its rating, i.e. it will be allotted the minimum weight advertised in the race conditions, which does not equate to its actual rating. For example, in a 4yo+ 46-65 Handicap where the top weight carries 9st 7lb and lowest 8st 2lb, a horse rated 44 would still need to carry the minimum weight of 8st 2lb rather than 8st.

Owners' Entry Stake

See 'Stake'.

Owner’s Premium Scheme

A scheme set up to promote British breeding as well as owning British horses. However, due to a downturn in central income, the Scheme was discontinued in 2007.

Parade

The presentation before the start of a race of all the runners in racecard order mounted by their riders either led or cantered at intervals in front of the stand.

Pattern Races

Flat races are accorded Pattern race status by the European Pattern Committee. Jump races are accorded Pattern status by the British Horseracing Authority. For Flat and Jump racing, all Pattern races are deemed to be Class 1, with three Groups (Flat) or Grades (Jump) (1, 2 and 3) within the classification.

Penalties

Most races have a penalty structure, whereby a horse will be required to carry additional weight, usually as a result of its previous performance.

Pony Racing

Introduced in 2004 following RHT’s Jump Racing Review in order to encourage a wider spectrum of young British enthusiasts to consider developing a career in Jump Racing. Pony Races can be staged for young riders before or after racing. The initiative has helped to promote the development of British jockeys, as many of the current crop of Irish jump jockeys have had involvement in this field. It has gone from strength to strength and in May 2007 the Pony Racing Authority was launched.

Premier Claiming Race

Claiming race in which the Total Prize Fund is not less than £8,000 and where the claiming price will not be less than £25,000.

Private Sweepstakes

A race without any money or other prize, which is not advertised until entries are closed.

Programme Book

A loose leaf book, which is published quarterly by Weatherbys and which contains all the race conditions for all fixtures run in Great Britain. Each quarter racecourses will be required to collect the race details from TRICL and submit the changes to the BHA Racing Department by a certain deadline. If this deadline is not met, the Racing Department has the right to overwrite your programmes

Race

Is a sweepstakes, guaranteed sweepstakes, private sweepstakes, or match run under BHA Rules or any race under the Rules of any Recognised Turf Authority (for full description see page 82 of 2007 Orders and Rules of Racing or check on the BHA's dedicated website www.newrules.britishhorseracing.com).

Racecourse Fixture

This is a fixture that a Racecourse actually owns. You can sell it, lease it, move it or transfer it and you can decide the race programme for that fixture, as long as it complies with the Rules of Racing. Any prize money input you make for a Racecourse fixture will count towards the Merit Table. See also under ‘Fixture’.

Race Times

A draft Race Times document is produced by the BHA Racing Department as soon as possible after the publication of the following year’s fixture list. Racecourses will be asked to check this document carefully and make applications to the Race Times Committee which normally meets in early October. Following that the document will set out the race times for each race for the first quarter of the following year and will show first race times only for the remainder. A Race Times Advisory Panel will then meet a further 3 times to determine all race times for the following 3 quarters of the year.

There are various stipulations with regard to race times (laid out in BHA General Instruction 2.8) including the preferred time gap between races at each course (10-minute gap if three fixtures, 15-minute gap if 2 fixtures). Other documents that were recently produced include: the Race Times Principles, Broadcaster Arrangements, Avoidance of Clashes and a list of those racecourses requiring 35-minute intervals as deemed by the BHA Racing and Racecourse Departments.

Racing Calendar

A weekly publication giving full and finalised race conditions 3 weeks in advance of racing. Each edition covers just one week’s worth of racing. It also notifies all the changes to any Rules and reminds race connections of forfeit stages and special arrangements relating to race festivals. Racecourses are able to advertise and promote their races in the Racing Calendar and every week the latest rating files are published. The Racing Calendar is produced and published by Weatherbys. Racecourses will be required to collect the race details from TRICL and submit the changes to the BHA Racing Department by a certain deadline. If this deadline is not met, the Racing Department has the right to overwrite your programmes

Racing Seasons

The Flat Season runs in any year from the Lincoln Handicap until the afternoon of the November Handicap. In 2009, this means from 28 March up to and including 7 November.

The Winter Flat Season runs from the first Flat AWT fixture following the November Handicap until the final Flat AWT fixture prior to the Lincoln Handicap. In 2008/09 this means from the evening of 8 November 2008 up to and including 27 March 2009.

The Jump Season runs from the day after the Sandown Park Gold Cup meeting until the final day that meeting is programmed the following year. In 2008/09 this means from 27 April 2008 up to and including 25 April 2009 and in 2009/2010 from April 26, 2009 up to and including April 24, 2010.

Rating Related Maiden Race

A Maiden Flat race which is not a handicap, but which is restricted to horses who have a handicap rating at or below a certain figure.

Regional Fixture

A Flat race meeting determined as a Regional Fixture by the BHA Directors and usually with races off approx £2,000 in value and for horses rated 50 and below. From 2007 onwards there will be no Regional Fixtures, but Regional Races (Banded Stakes) will be integrated into Standard cards.

Re-offering of Races

a) Where 3 or less declarations have been received for races to be run on a Monday to Friday, the time for declaration will be extended up to 10.30 am on the same day.
b) For Saturdays and Sundays this number is 4 or less.
c) For Heritage Handicaps, Nursery Handicaps and other major races the number is 7 or less.

Re-opening of Races

Any race which closes 6 or 5 days before the race is run is subject to re-opening where 9 entries or less have been received by the time advertised for closing. Races will be re-opened for entry up to 11 am on the day following closing (except for races closing on a Saturday, which will be re-opened until 11 am on the following Monday).

Any race which is not a Pattern, Listed, Early Closing or the Final of a Series which receives less than 5 entries may be abandoned by the Racecourse Executive up to 10 am on the day following closing.

Replacement Fixture

This is a fixture that is put on at late notice by the BHA and wholly funded by the Levy Board, usually to compensate for the loss of fixtures caused by abandonments. Replacement Fixtures will only be staged when at least 50 fixtures have been lost.

Reserves

Racecourses may apply to the BHA Racing Department to include Reserves in the following races:

- Group 1 Flat races
- Heritage Handicaps
- Grade 3 Jump Handicaps with 48-hour declarations

The race conditions must state the maximum number of runners and Reserves. The cut-off for Reserves is 9.00 am the day before the race. All payments made for any horse which is eliminated or is a Reserve and was subsequently not able to run will be returned.

Restriction on Running

For Flat racing:
- No races for Yearlings
- No races over less than 5 furlongs
- Before 1 August you can only have a maximum 2 2yo races on a 6-race card and 3 2yo races on a 7-race card
- 2yo should not run over further than 5f before the York May meeting; 6f before Royal Ascot; 7f before 1 August
- 2yo should not run in Handicaps before 1 July or against older horses
- A 2yo cannot run in a Selling race if it has already won 2 such events, unless the Selling races had a TPF of £10,000 or more

For Jump racing:
- No 3yo should run in a Hurdle race before 1 May
- No 4yo should run in a Chase before 1 July
- No 5yo should run in a Hunter Chase before 1 February
- No Chase or Hurdle race over less than 2 miles
- No Hunter Chases before 1 February
- A NHF should be run on a 7-race card unless it is an Open Race

Rules Book

The official Rules Book will be available on-line at www.newrules.britishhorseracing.com, which includes the full rewritten and reformatted Rules of British racing. The aim of the rewrite, which was announced at the British Horseracing Conference in February, was to remove duplication, make more use of plain English and avoid jargon where possible and to make the Rules more user friendly by bringing the relevant Rules together under six separate Manuals:

A. General Manual
B. Race Manual
C. Trainer Manual
D. Rider Manual
E. Horse and Owner Manual
F. Racing Administration Manual

Safety Factor (SF)

Maximum number of horses which can start in a race. This is determined in conjunction with the BHA Inspectorate.

Scratching

Is the withdrawal of a horse from a race under the provision of Racing Administration Manual (f) Rules 85 - 86 & 95.

Self-Funded Fixture

This is a fixture sanctioned by the BHA, i.e a Racecourse needs to apply for it (no bidding involved). The following applies:
1. There will be no central funding allocated to prize money at these fixtures and, as with all Self-Funded fixtures, amounts contributed by the racecourse towards prize money will not be included within Merit Table calculations.
2. The BHA will waive its fixture fee and, in addition, on presentation of the relevant invoices, reimburse the racecourse up to a maximum of £5,000 for photo-finish/camera control costs. This is for Self-Funded Bank Holiday fixtures only, not so called ‘Additional’ Self-Funded fixtures.
3. The fixtures will be allocated for an agreed term from 1 to 3 years.
4. Racecourses will not be permitted to swap, transfer or trade any of these fixtures.
5. The allocation of any fixture is subject to Inspectorate approval.
6. The race programmes will be determined by the racecourse executive in consultation with the Racing Department. Unlike Enterprise Fixtures, there is no minimum racecourse contribution to prize money at these fixtures although racecourses will be required to adhere to the relevant minimum values.
See also under ‘Fixture’.

Selling Race

In these races, every horse can be claimed (see Claiming Race, above), but the winner must be offered for sale by auction. The selling price should not be less than £2,000. Traditionally, auctions are conducted in guineas with the auctioneer receiving the guinea (5%) as his commission. However, almost 50% of racecourses now sell in sterling and it looks like the guineas is being phased out..

The distribution of a sale is usually 50% of the surplus to the Owner and 50% to the Racecourse. However, Racecourses can alter these percentages as required (some courses split the proceeds 75% to Owner and 25% to Racecourse).

For every race where a claim can be made (i.e. Selling and Claiming races), Weatherbys will charge an adiministrtion fee as follows:

•£53 for the majority of races
•£97 for those run outside normal office hours
•£145 for the very few races run on Bank Holidays
SIS

Satellite Information Services Ltd. supply television programming and data services to the UK and Ireland betting industry. They feed real-time coverage of major sporting events directly into the betting shops, giving full details of betting opportunities for punters and the results of these bets as and when they happen. SIS is also a highly experienced and technically advanced broadcaster throughout Europe and across the globe. Also see Turf TV.

Specified Sales

Those yearling sales administered by Tattersalls (GB & Ireland), Goffs (Ireland & France), Goresbridge, Brightwells, Doncaster Bloodstock Sales, Agence Francaise de Vente Pur Sang/Arqana Deauville, Arqana Saint-Cloud, S.G.A./A.N.A.C., B.B.A.G., Fasig-Tipton., Keenland Association and Ocala Breeders Sales. As 2yo at any sales administered by these companies up to and including the first day of the Newmarket Guineas meeting.

Split Entry Fees

System used in Handicaps to encourage lower rated horses to enter with only having to pay a small proportion of the entry fee with the balance paid on declaration (not to be confused with Forfeit stages).

It works as follows: horses entered on a Handicap mark within the weight range will pay the full entry fee. Horses entered with a Handicap rating outside this bracket will pay only 20% of the entry fee at the five-day stage, but must pay the outstanding 80% if they declare to run.

At Betsquare we try to do everything we can to help punters.

Providing you with a helpful guide is just one of many fantastic features of our website. If you are new to betting on horses then our betting guide will help you to understand the most popular types of bets available to you.
After the name of each bet type we will provide an example to help further enhance your understanding.
Also at the bottom of the page, after the different types of bets have been explained we have provided a Glossary of Horse Racing terms, which will also help you out if you are new to the sport.
We also believe that in this day and age of gambling, there are many places for your best value bets Betfair or Bet 365 or Sky bet etc...4 the best value on your bets.

Win Bet
The most straightforward and popular type of bet. The selection has to win in order for you to be collecting any winnings.
Example Bet:
£10 win Only money 16:15 Newmarket - Only Money wins at 3/1.
Bet Returns £40 - £10 x 3 + £10 stake - Total return is £40.

Each Way Bet
An each way bet consists of two bets in one. The win and the place. So, as long as your selection is placed, you will get a return. An even bigger return will be coming your way if it wins. You cannot place an each way bet if there are 4 runners or less in a race all up to win. 5-7 runners in a race 1/4th odds a place, your bet will only pay out on 1st and 2nd places. 8 runners and above will pay out on the first 3 horses home in any type of race 1/5th odds a place. 16 runners or more in Handicaps only will pay out on the first 4 horses 1/4th odds a place . Be careful here. If you place an each way bet in a 20 runner race that is not a handicap race, then you will only be paid on the first 3 horses 1/5th odds a place.
Example Bet:£10 each way Denham 15.40 Cheltenham. Denman wins at 20/1. The Each Way terms on the race are 1/4 the odds 1st, 2nd and 3rd ,12-15 rnr h'cap
Bet Returns £210 for the win part of the bet £10 x 20 + £10 stake = £210
Bet Returns £60 for the place part of the bet £10 x 20/4 = £60
Total Return for this bet is £270
If Denman had come 2nd or 3rd the return would just have been £60

Multiple Bets
There are a variety of multiple bets available. Multiple bets are a combination of selections that multiply as each one wins. These can be very difficult bets to land but because of this the possible returns can be large if all are successful. Multiple bets can also be placed as Each Way multiple bets. Below you will find examples of the the most popular types of multiple bets.

Double: This is a combination of two selections. Can be placed as win or each way
Example Bet: £10 win double Horse A and Horse B. Horse A wins at 2/1 and Horse B wins at 3/1. Bet Returns £120 - £10 x 2 + £10 = £30 x 3 = £90 + £30 = £120

Treble: This is a combination of three selections. Can be placed as win or each way
Would follow on from a double. So the winnings from Horse A and Horse B would then go on to Horse C.
Example Bet: Horse C is 2/1. So £120 winnings from the double would go on Horse C at 2/1. Bet Returns £360 - £120 x 2 + £120 stake = £360

Accumulator: This is a combination of four or more selections. Exactly the same would apply to this bet. So the winnings from the treble would then run onto the fourth selection.

Patent: This bet consists of 3 selections. The bet then comprises of the following 7 bets; 3 x Singles 3 x Doubles and 1 x Treble.

Yankee: This bet consists of 4 selections. The bet then comprises of the following 11 bets; 6 x Doubles, 4 x Trebles and 1 x Fourfold accumulator.

Lucky 15: This is the same as a Yankee but there are also 4 x Singles as an added bonus. So there is a total of 15 bets in a Lucky 15.

Computer Straight Forecast
This is a horse racing bet where you have to select the first and second in the correct order. You can place a reverse forecast, whereby you effectively place two bets, so the horses can finish 1st and 2nd in either order.

Tricast
Like the above computer straight forecast but you must select the first three home in the correct order.
Tote Placepot

This a bet where a horse must be selected to be placed in each of the 1st six races of a particular horse race meeting. You can select as many horses as you like in each race, but the more you select, the more costly the bet becomes. For example. If you were to select two horses in each race that would be a combination of 64 bets. So if your stake was £1 then this would cost £64. If you had only selected 1 horse in each race the bet would only cost you £1.

Tote Jackpot
Exactly the same format as the Placepot bet but instead of the horses needing to just be placed, you must select the winner of every race. A very hard bet to crack. If you do then the rewards can be great.

Tote Scoop Six
This is a special Saturday only bet where you have to select the winner of the day's main races that have been selected by the Tote. There is also a place dividend.

Ante Post
Early odds offered by bookmakers before the day of the race. Usually only really applies to big races of major sporting events.

Apprentice
A young jockey who has not won more than 95 races in his or her career under racing rules. Apprentice jockeys may "claim", which means they are allowed to ride at a few pounds lighter than the handicapper has allotted their intended mount. The amount of weight that they are allowed to claim depends on the number of winners they have ridden.

Blinkers
An aid to help horses concentrate whilst racing. They fit over the horses head and have cups around the eyepieces which prevent the horse from seeing behind him and in effect almost gives tunnel vision, so they concentrate on what is in front of them.

Card
This term is the abbreviation for racecard. A racecard is produced by the racecourse and contains all information pertaining to the raceday you are attending, including runners and riders and usually the colours.

Classic Races
The five most prestigious flat races run in England. They are The Derby, St Leger, 2000 Guineas, The Oaks and the 1000 Guineas.

Colours(Silks)
This term refers to the colours worn by the jockey in a race and must be registered by the owner with Weatherbys to avoid any duplication.

Colt
A male horse under four years old which has not been gelded.

Distance
When a racehorse wins by 30 lengths or more, it is said to have won by a distance.

Filly
A female horse that is under four years old.

First Past The Post
Some bookmakers offer a first past the post betting service, whereby, if your horse wins the race but is then disqualified, you will still be paid out as a winning bet. This usually only applies to single bets. However, something not many people know is that if you write FPP on your betting slip and your horse is disqualified from first place, you will still be paid as a winner. However, if your horse finished second and was promoted to first place you would not be collecting any winnings.

Furlong
220 yards or 201 metres. Eight furlongs make up 1 mile. Races in the United Kingdom are measured in miles and furlongs. Horse Racing in America, Australia and South Africa are generally measured in yards.

Gelding
A male horse which has been gelded(castrated). Gelding a racehorse often helps them to concentrate on their racing. Some horses would not require this and obviously once gelded a racehorse will then be unable to go to stud.

Going
This term depicts the condition of the ground on the racetrack on any given day. The track conditions can be described as follows and are listed in the order of increasing moisture within the ground: Hard, Firm, Good to Firm, Good, Good to Soft, Soft, Heavy. An all weather course will list the going as Standard.

Group Race
Highest quality flat races which are run all over the world and make up a worldwide classification system for horses.

Handicap
A race in which the handicappers assign weights to be carried by each horse according to recent or past racing form.

Length
The length from a horses nose to its tail. This is used in racing as a general measure of the winning margin in a race.

Maiden
A race for horses which haven't won a race under rules, or a term for a type of horse eligible for these races.

On The Nod
When two or more racehorses are involved in a tight finish also known as a photo finish.

Selling Race or Seller
This is a race in which the winning horse goes up for auction at the end. Although usually run by horses that are not of high quality, and no longer wanted by their owners, the horses are often used to run in these races for gambling purposes and are often retained by the owners, either by buying them back or when nobody bids for the horse.

Short Head or Nose
The smallest distances a horse can win by in a race.

Weighing In/Weighing Out
Jockeys must sit on the racecourse scales before and after every race to verify their racing weight to the Clerk Of The Scales. it is not uncommon for a horse to be disqualified, having lost some of the weight from the saddle during racing.

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